How to record the blockchain receipt business of the merchant settlement transaction system

　　Received the merchant settlement funds, debit bank deposits, financial expenses, credit other monetary funds.

　　The merchant consumption funds waiting to be cleared account is the sales or service funds transferred to your unit by the counterparty through online banking; when the POS terminal is directly connected to the UnionPay system, when POS consumption occurs, this transaction information will first be sent to the UnionPay host system; the UnionPay system will automatically judge and directly send it to the relevant issuing bank; then the information will return along the way.

　　The following are the relevant entries for the consumption of the merchants waiting to be cleared:

　　Debit: Bank Deposits – Affiliated Bank

　　Credit: Other Payables – Affiliated Company

　　If the bank receives the settlement funds of the linked merchants waiting to be cleared:

　　Debit: Bank Deposits

　　Credit: Financial Expenses – Interest Income

　　Or:

　　Debit: Bank Deposits

　　Debit: Financial Expenses – Interest Income

　　If manual accounting is done; debit: Bank Deposits, credit: Financial Expenses – Interest Income or debit: Bank Deposits, debit: Financial Expenses – Interest Income;

　　If accounting is done by finance, debit: Bank Deposits, debit: Financial Expenses – Interest Income.

　　The merchant settlement funds to be cleared should be recorded in the financial expenses account. The merchant settlement funds are merely a temporary holding, which will eventually need to be transferred. The account management fee should be the management fee of the opening bank.

　　待清算商户款项:通常就是个人通过第三方平台转来的收入款项。(借:银行存款;贷:主营业务收入应交税费)待清算商户款项,只是个暂挂款,事后还是要结转的。

　　如果企业收到待清算商户款项是银行等金融企业的专用会计科目一般是企业需要将保证金存入某银行,但又没有结算账号,就开一个保证金专用账号,该账号属于企业所有,可以认为是冻结一部分。

　　浅谈区块链：如何利用区块链进行转账交易？

　　生活中我们都有自己的银行账户，而转账是在银行账户之间进行的。同样，lottery and How to find it 转账就是把比特币从一个比特币地址转移到另一个比特币地址上的过程。那如果你想转账给别人，你需要在比特币交易平台，比特币钱包或者比特币客户端中输入你的比特币地址、接受方地址、转账金额和手续费金额。确定支付后，交易信息会在比特币网络进行全网广播，矿工每隔10分钟会将比特币网络中未被记账的交易打包进一个区块，这就完成了一次确认，此时比特币已转到接收方账户，一般情况需要经过6次确认，确保交易记录不能被任何人篡改，转账才算能真正完成。

　　上面我们有说到转账手续费的问题，那转账一次需要多少手续费呢？

　　比特币转账手续费是交易者付给矿工的一笔费用，用于激励矿工竞争记账，为比特币提供足够的算力从而确保比特币网络的安全，有的时候我们也管这笔费用叫矿工费。用户在比特币网络发起一笔转账时，手续费是不可避免的，一般情况为0.001-0.0015个比特币，由于区块能容纳的交易记录的容量有限，矿工会优先打包手续费高的交易记录，所以多一点手续费可以更快被记账。

　　本文由汇新云我整理发布，我将持续更新《浅谈区块链》系列，该系列会介绍一些区块链以及lottery and How to find it 的基础知识，敬请关注！

　　（汇新云——IT协同产业生态链平台，平台上有钻研区块链技术应用的产品经理和区块链技术应用的成熟产品解决方案，期待光临！）币安交易所转币进去没有到账

　　币安交易所转币进去没有到账的原因是区块链拥堵，延迟等原因。区块链资产分为三个步骤，提出，区块确认，入账。

　　1、转账成功代表提币的平台或钱包进行了转账操作。

　　2、完成对应的区块确认，区块链拥堵，延迟等情况会导致用户的lottery and How to find it 迟迟没有完成全部确认。

　　3. After confirmation on the platform, the account will be completed as soon as possible. How to quickly get started with blockchain?

　　When choosing a school, pay attention to the following points:

　　1. First, confirm whether this school has a major suitable for yourself;

　　2. Choose a school and be sure to go to the school to see the teaching environment and the strength of the teaching staff;

　　3. Ask about the duration of the study and whether there will be project teaching, so that it is easier to find a job after graduation;

　　4. After studying, will the school recommend employment, which is also very important.

　　GO language + blockchain training course:

　　1. What are the advantages of Go

　　Advantages of Go

　　1: Performance

　　2: Language performance is very important

　　3: Developer efficiency should not be too innovative

　　4: Concurrent channels

　　5: Fast compilation time

　　6: Build team capabilities

　　7: Strong ecosystem

　　8: GOFMT, mandatory code formatting

　　9: gRPC and Protocol Buffers

　　It can be directly compiled into machine code without depending on other libraries, and there is a certain requirement for the version of glibc. Deployment is just to throw a file up and it’s done.

　　Static typing language, but with the feeling of dynamic language, static typing language is the language that can check most hidden problems at compile time, and dynamic language feels like there are many packages to use, and it is very efficient to write. How to record the blockchain electronic invoice received

　　How to record the blockchain electronic invoice received, this is based on the information I have queried and the feedback from some friends, it is credited by the merchant. What is blockchain, and how to make money with blockchain?

　　Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that enables different nodes in the blockchain system to establish trust and obtain rights and interests.

　　The ways to make money in blockchain:

　　1. Earn commissions through promotion.

　　The way blockchain makes money is to first register an exchange account, generate your own invitation link, and then promote. If someone registers an exchange through your link and generates transactions, you will receive a commission.

　　2. Trading Bitcoin.

　　Trading Bitcoin is like trading stocks. Trading Bitcoin is the way with the lowest threshold for making money in blockchain.

　　3. Mining.

　　Mining in Bitcoin is the process of accounting. This process requires competition, and if you win the opportunity to account, you will be rewarded with Bitcoin. This behavior is called ‘mining’.

　　4. Develop wallets.

　　Wallet is the infrastructure of blockchain, just like the ‘Alipay’ or ‘WeChat Pay’ of blockchain.

　　Expansion materials:

　　1. Blockchain (Blockchain) is an important concept of Bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database and also the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated and associated with each other using cryptographic methods, each containing information about a Bitcoin network transaction, used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) of the information and generate the next block.

　　2. Blockchain was born from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin, and since 2009, various types of ‘lottery and How to find it’ similar to Bitcoin have emerged, all based on public blockchains.

　　3. On January 20, 2016, the People’s Bank of China’s ‘lottery and How to find it’ Symposium announced the achievement of a stage of research on ‘lottery and How to find it’. The meeting recognized the value of ‘lottery and How to find it’ in reducing the issuance of traditional currency and expressed that the central bank is exploring the issuance of ‘lottery and How to find it’. The expression of the People’s Bank of China’s ‘lottery and How to find it’ Symposium greatly enhanced the confidence of the ‘lottery and How to find it’ industry. This is the first time the central bank has expressed a clear attitude towards ‘lottery and How to find it’ after the issuance of the ‘Notice on Preventing Risks of Bitcoin’ by the five ministries and commissions of the central bank on December 5, 2013.

　　Blockchain -百度百科

　　How much money can Shenzhen blockchain Value-Added Tax General Invoice issue in the first quarter

　　Shenzhen blockchain Value-Added Tax General Invoice can issue 50 in the first quarter. The limit regulations are as follows: the maximum invoice amount for a single invoice is 100,000, and the total monthly limit is 500,000. When the total monthly invoice amount reaches 500,000, according to the ‘Notice on Relevant Issues of Implementing Electronic General Invoices Issued through Blockchain Systems’ (No. 11 of 2018) of the Shenzhen Tax Bureau of the State Administration of Taxation, the invoice code for the blockchain electronic general invoice is 144031809110, where the 6th to 7th digits represent the year, the 8th digit ‘0’ represents the general type of agency industry, the 9th digit ‘9’ represents the exclusive category of Shenzhen electronic general invoice, the 10th digit represents the batch, the 11th digit represents the copy, and the 12th digit ‘0’ represents unlimited amount version. The invoice number is 8 digits, automatically compiled according to the invoicing limit of all blockchain electronic general invoices.

　　Difference between blockchain invoice and electronic invoice

　　Difference between blockchain electronic invoice and electronic invoice

　　Difference one: The blockchain electronic invoice does not have a ‘machine number’.

　　Difference two: The encoding in the password area is obviously different. The encoding in the password area of the Value-Added Tax Electronic General Invoice is all Arabic numerals, while the password area of the blockchain electronic invoice is a combination of English numerals and Arabic numerals.

　　Difference three: The last digit of the invoice code is different. The last digit of the invoice code for the Value-Added Tax Electronic General Invoice is ‘1’, while the last digit of the invoice code for the blockchain electronic invoice is ‘0’.
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　　Difference four: The title of the blockchain electronic invoice is missing the three characters ‘Value-Added Tax’.

　　Remember the above four points, please don’t treat the blockchain electronic invoice as a fake invoice, after all, the standards are set by us, and that would be a bit embarrassing!

　　Difference five: The numbering is different between the two.

　　The current usage status of Shenzhen blockchain electronic invoices:

　　After the scenarios of catering, finance, retail supermarkets, and others, Shenzhen blockchain electronic invoices have officially landed in the transportation scenario.

　　[Expanded Information]

　　What is blockchain electronic invoice?

　　Blockchain electronic invoices refer to invoices that run throughout the entire circulation process under the distributed computing carrier of blockchain. From the processes of invoice application, issuance, verification, and accounting, chain storage, circulation, and reimbursement are realized. Blockchain electronic invoices have the characteristics of full-process complete traceability and unchangeable information, are in line with the invoice logic, can effectively avoid fake invoices, and improve the invoice supervision process. Blockchain invoices will connect every party concerned with invoices, can trace the source, authenticity, and accounting information of invoices, and solve the problems of multiple reporting, false reporting, and difficult verification in the process of invoice circulation. In addition, it also has the advantages of reducing costs, simplifying processes, ensuring data security and privacy.

　　Blockchain electronic invoices also have a significant feature of no limit on quantity and amount. That is to say, if a company’s business is good enough and diverse, then using the blockchain electronic invoice method is the most appropriate. It saves the trouble of applying for invoice increment and amount change when the invoice is insufficient, and when the invoice version is not appropriate.

　　Blockchain electronic invoices have the characteristics of full-process complete traceability and unchangeable information, and the data on the blockchain ledger is recorded by multiple parties and cannot be tampered with, thereby ensuring the authenticity and integrity of invoices, ensuring that every link in the entire life cycle of invoices can be checked and verified, in line with the invoice logic, and can effectively avoid fake invoices and improve the invoice supervision process.

　　Blockchain electronic invoices will connect every party concerned with invoices, can trace the source, authenticity, and accounting information of invoices, and solve the problems of multiple reporting, false reporting, and difficult verification in the process of invoice circulation. In addition, it also has the advantages of reducing costs, simplifying processes, ensuring data security and privacy.

　　Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, traceability, and high credibility, which can effectively ensure data security and ownership security, perfectly matching the needs and logic of invoices. The combination of ‘blockchain + electronic invoice’ has greatly reduced the cost of tax administration and collection, enriched the means of tax governance, and will effectively crack down on tax evasion and tax evasion problems that are difficult to eradicate under the traditional electronic invoice model.

　　The launch of blockchain electronic invoices is no less than a reform from the perspective of tax administration and collection. For a long time, our country has adopted the tax administration and collection model of ‘taxation based on tickets’, which requires complex technical means to ensure the uniqueness of electronic invoices, which inadvertently increases social costs.

　　Under the premise of low cost, the blockchain model has simultaneously realized the non-falsification of electronic invoices, on-demand invoicing, full-process monitoring, and data query, allowing the electronic invoice system to卸下 the unbearable burden of constantly ‘defending against fake’, and return to the origin of transaction evidence and accounting original vouchers. Taxpayers ‘need not have paper invoices, need not have special equipment, can operate self-service throughout the process with mobile phones, and transactions are invoiced immediately, and invoicing is immediately reimbursed’. How does the blockchain electronic invoice increase the limit?

　　Digital electronic invoice receipt business strategy: credit limit adjustment application

　　?

　　Miyin Box

　　From the column of electronic invoice service

　　Digital electronic invoice

　　Digital electronic invoices are a new type of invoice with the same legal effect as paper invoices, which do not exist in paper form, do not require media support, and do not require application for receipt. Digital electronic invoices fully digitize the invoice information on paper invoices, integrate multiple types of invoices into a single electronic invoice type, establish a tax digital account, achieve national unified coding, intelligent assignment of the total amount of invoice issuance, and automatic transfer and delivery.

　　In recent days, we have learned about the relevant operations of digital electronic invoice issuance business, and we will continue to learn about the business of receiving invoices next.

　　Today’s topic: Credit limit adjustment application.

　　When the existing credit limit is insufficient and the automatically initiated dynamic credit cannot meet the needs, taxpayers can supplement the purchase and sale contract, fixed asset list, and other materials through the [Credit Limit Adjustment Application] function, and apply to the tax authority for adjusting the credit limit.

　　The application steps are as follows

　　I. Log in to the electronic tax office.

　　II. Click [I Want to Tax], find [Tax Digital Account].

　　III. Click [Credit Limit Adjustment Application], enter the initialization interface.

　　IV. Click the ‘Add Application’ button, a new credit limit application page will pop up, fill in the relevant information of the credit limit adjustment application, and upload relevant attachment materials.

　　V. Submit the record of this adjustment application.

　　After receiving the taxpayer’s credit limit adjustment application at the tax terminal, the tax personnel will review and approve or disapprove according to the actual situation.
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　　Warm tips:

　　After final approval, the system will automatically synchronize the dynamic credit limit adjustment information, including the adjustment amount and adjustment date, to the data support service platform, and control the amount limit of the invoice issuance by the taxpayer.

　　The information has been finalized and submitted to the distribution post, where the distribution post will handle the credit adjustment application result and feedback to the taxpayer, print the ‘Tax Matters Notice’ (notification of adjustment of the total amount of electronic invoice issuance), and deliver it to the taxpayer.

　　Miyin Box

　　The following electronic invoice management services are provided:

　　1.Electronic invoice ledger management

　　2.Electronic invoice duplicate checking

　　3.ETC electronic invoice intelligent ledger

　　4.Invoice authenticity verification

　　5.Electronic invoice electronic archive management (full electricity invoice, electronic special invoice, electronic ordinary invoice, financial voucher)

　　6.Does the OFD electronic invoice seal verification allow the blockchain invoice to exceed 8 detailed items?

　　Blockchain invoices cannot exceed 8 detailed items. The invoice interface can have a maximum of 8 lines, and over 8 lines can issue a sales list, with a maximum of 9999 lines. Where is the parameter setting in the blockchain electronic invoice

　　1.Click on [System Settings] — [System Parameter Settings] — [Parameter Settings] — [Network Configuration] to verify the server address, port configuration, and report address. If displayed correctly, click [Test Connection] to connect successfully. 2.Click on [System Settings] — [Tax UKey Settings] — [Tax UKey Clock Calibration] to view the current clock. If the current clock shows an error, click ‘Update Tax UKey’ to calibrate the Tax UKey clock to the correct time. Yunnan Blockchain Electronic Invoice exceeds the limit

　　Electronic invoices have no limit. According to the relevant information released by the tax bureau, there is no maximum invoicing limit for a single electronic invoice, and any amount can be issued as an electronic invoice. Electronic invoices are data electronic receipts for payment issued, received, or used in the purchase and sale of goods, the provision or acceptance of services, and other business activities.

　　What does a higher block height mean

　　Block height (Blockheight) refers to the number of blocks between a block and the genesis block in the blockchain. Block height is another way to identify a block by its position in the blockchain. The first block has a height of 0, and each block stored on top of the first block in the blockchain is “higher” than the previous block by one position, just like boxes stacked one on top of the other.

　　Different from the block header hash value, the block height is not a unique identifier. During the growth of the blockchain, it may occur that two or more blocks have the same height, which is called a “blockchain fork”.

　　Blockchain is translated from “blockchain”, and when people see the word “chain”, they associate it with a long chain, which has the concept of length. However, in blockchain, it is not called block length, but block height; you can understand the blockchain as a pile of blocks.

　　The genesis block, also known as the 0th block, is located at the bottom, and each subsequent block is stacked on top of the previous one, making it easier to understand the concept of block height. When we query information about a block, we can not only do so through its hash but also through its block height.

　　The role of block height

　　Block height is the identifier of a block. A block has two identifiers: one is the hash value of the block header, and the other is the block height. The hash value of the block header is obtained by performing a second hash calculation on the block header using the SHA256 algorithm. The block hash value can uniquely and clearly “identify” a block, and any node can independently obtain the hash value of the block by simply performing a hash calculation on the block header. The block height refers to the position of the block in the blockchain. The block height is not a unique “identifier”. Although a single block always has a clear and fixed block height, the reverse is not true. A block height does not always identify a single block. Two or more blocks may have the same block height, competing for the same position in the blockchain. How to detect the risk level of blockchain smart contracts?

　　With the acceleration of Shanghai’s digital transformation, blockchain technology has been deeply applied in many fields such as government affairs, finance, logistics, and judiciary. In the process of application, not only have new business forms and business models been generated, but many security issues have also emerged, making safety supervision particularly important. As one of the important means of supervision, security assessment has become a hot topic of attention for many blockchain research and development manufacturers and application enterprises. This article discusses our exploration and practice of blockchain compliance security assessment, which concerns many people.

　　I. Blockchain Technology Assessment

　　Blockchain technology assessment is generally divided into functional testing, performance testing, and security assessment.

　　1. Functional Testing

　　Functional testing is the testing of the basic functions supported by the underlying blockchain system, with the purpose of measuring the scope of capabilities of the underlying blockchain system.

　　The main basis for blockchain functional testing is GB/T25000.10-2016

　　Blockchain functional testing specifically includes modules such as networking and communication, data storage and transmission, availability of encryption modules, consensus functions and fault tolerance, smart contract functions, system management stability, chain stability, privacy protection, interoperability, account and transaction types, private key management scheme, and audit management, etc.

　　2. Performance Testing

　　Performance testing is a type of testing implemented and executed to describe the characteristics related to performance of the test object and evaluate it, which is mostly used in project acceptance assessment to verify whether the established technical indicators have been completed.

　　Blockchain performance testing specifically includes modules such as high concurrency pressure test scenarios, peak impact test scenarios, long-term stable operation test scenarios, and query test scenarios.

　　3. Security Assessment

　　The main content of blockchain security assessment is to conduct security testing and evaluation on account data, cryptographic mechanism, consensus mechanism, smart contracts, etc.

　　The main basis for blockchain security assessment is the

　　The specific content of blockchain security assessment includes storage, network, computing, consensus mechanism, cryptographic mechanism, timing mechanism, personal information protection, networking mechanism, smart contracts, service and access, etc.

　　II. Compliance and Security Assessment of Blockchain

　　The compliance and security assessment of blockchain generally includes three categories: ‘Security Assessment of Blockchain Information Service’, ‘Network Security Grade Protection Assessment’, and ‘Special Fund Project Acceptance Assessment’.

　　1. Security Assessment of Blockchain Information Service

　　The security assessment of blockchain information service mainly relies on the

　　The ‘Regulation’ aims to clarify the information security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, regulate and promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, avoid security risks of blockchain information services, and provide effective legal basis for the provision, use, and management of blockchain information servicessports betting tutorial and The most exciting gameplay. Article 9 of the ‘Regulation’ points out: Blockchain information service providers that develop and launch new products, new applications, and new functions shall report to the National Internet Information Office and the Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the State for security assessment in accordance with the relevant regulations.

　　The ‘Blockchain Information Service Security Specification’ is a national standard for the construction and evaluation of the security capabilities of blockchain information services, jointly compiled by the Information Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, the China Electronic Technology Standardization Institute, Shanghai Information Security Assessment and Certification Center, and other organizations. The ‘Blockchain Information Service Security Specification’ stipulates the security requirements that blockchain information service providers of consortia chains and private chains should meet, including technical security requirements, security assurance requirements, and corresponding test and evaluation methods, which are applicable to guiding the security assessment and construction of blockchain information services. The framework of technical security requirements and assurance requirements proposed by the standard is as follows:

　　Figure 1: Security Requirements Model for Blockchain Information Service

　　2. Cyber Security Level Protection Assessment

　　The main references for the level protection security assessment of cyber security include ‘GB/T22239-2019 Basic Requirements for Cyber Security Level Protection’ and ‘GB/T28448-2019 Requirements for Cyber Security Level Protection Assessment’.

　　As an emerging information technology, the application systems constructed by blockchain also belong to the category protection objects and need to carry out level protection assessments according to regulations. The general requirements for level protection security assessment are applicable to the assessment of the infrastructure part of blockchain, but there are currently no specific security requirements proposed for blockchain. Therefore, the extended requirements for blockchain security assessment still need to be further explored and studied.

　　3. Security Assessment of Special Fund Projects
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　　According to the relevant regulations of the Municipal Economic and Information Technology Commission, security assessment reports must be provided during the project acceptance of informationization special fund projects. The acceptance assessment of blockchain application projects will be conducted based on the latest local standard for blockchain technology security general requirements released by Shanghai, ‘DB31/T1331-2021 Blockchain Technology Security General Requirements’.

　　3. Exploration and Practice of Blockchain Security Assessment

　　1. Standard Development

　　Shanghai Evaluation Center actively participates in the development of blockchain standards. The local standard for blockchain technology security general requirements, ‘DB31/T1331-2021 Blockchain Technology Security General Requirements’, which was compiled by Shanghai Evaluation Center, Suzhou Tongji Blockchain Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai Qiyin Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mohe Network Technology Co., Ltd., and the First Research Institute of Telecommunication Science and Technology, among other organizations, was officially released in December 2021 and will be implemented as of March 1st this year. The national standard for blockchain information service security, ‘Blockchain Information Service Security Specification’, which Shanghai Evaluation Center is involved in compiling, is currently in the stage of soliciting opinions.

　　At the same time, the evaluation center also participated in writing the primary and intermediate textbooks for blockchain engineering technicians organized by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China, led by Tongji University, and was responsible for compiling the content of the ‘Testing Blockchain System’ chapter.

　　2. Project Practice

　　In recent years, the Shanghai Evaluation Center has carried out a large number of blockchain security evaluation practices based on relevant technical standards, including level protection evaluation, information service security assessment, and project security evaluation. In the evaluation practice, the main security issues found are as follows:

　　Table 1 Blockchain mainly has security issues

　　Serial Number

　　Evaluation Items

　　Problem Description

　　1

　　Consensus Algorithm

　　The consensus algorithm adopts Kafka or Raft consensus, which does not support Byzantine fault tolerance and does not support tolerating malicious behavior of nodes.

　　2

　　On-chain Data

　　Sensitive information uploaded to the chain has not been encrypted, and all data on the chain can be accessed through query interfaces or blockchain browsers.

　　3

　　Password Algorithm

　　The random numbers used in the password algorithm do not meet the requirements for randomness of GB/T32915-2016.

　　4

　　Node Protection

　　For consortium chains, security protection measures have not been configured for the region where the node servers are located.

　　5

　　Communication Transmission

　　When nodes communicate with each other and when blockchain communicates with upper-level applications, no secure information transmission channel has been established.

　　6

　　Consensus Algorithm

　　The number of system deployment nodes is relatively small, and sometimes it does not even reach the fault tolerance number required by the consensus algorithm.

　　7

　　Smart Contracts

　　The operation of smart contracts has not been monitored, and it is impossible to detect and deal with problems that occur during the operation of smart contracts in a timely manner.

　　8

　　Service and Access

　　Upper-level applications have defects in access control such as unauthorized access and over-privileged access, leading to business confusion and data leakage.

　　9

　　Smart Contracts

　　The coding of smart contracts is not standardized, and when smart contracts encounter errors, the freezing function of smart contracts is not provided.

　　10

　　Smart Contracts

　　The running environment of smart contracts is not isolated from the outside, and there is a risk of external attacks.

　　3. Tool Application

　　When organizing the preparation of the ‘DB31/T1331-2021 General Requirements for Security of Blockchain Technology’, the evaluation center has considered the integration needs with the level protection evaluation. The security requirements of the ‘infrastructure layer’ in DB31/T1331 are consistent with the physical security environment, secure communication network, security area boundary, secure computing environment, and security management center of level protection, while ‘protocol layer security’ and ‘extension layer security’ more reflect the unique security protection requirements of blockchain.

　　The evaluation center is organizing the writing of the blockchain evaluation extension requirements based on the relevant security requirements of DB31/T1331, and the relevant achievements will be applied to the network security level protection evaluation tool – Evaluation Expert. At that time, evaluation institutions using the Evaluation Expert software can accurately, standardly, and efficiently carry out blockchain security evaluation, identify blockchain security risks, and propose corresponding improvement suggestions.

　　How to implement blockchain queries through RPC commands

　　The basic architecture is as follows:

　　The frontend web is based on socket.io or REST implementation,

　　Add a layer of MongoDB/MySQL database on the backend to replace the single machine leveldb for data storage

　　The purpose should be:

　　1. Accelerate query

　　2. Do higher-level data analysis

　　3. Do distributed databases

　　Thinking:

　　Although these online queries can be convenient for our daily use, how can we integrate them with related applications? Can we achieve the same effect through simple RPC commands?

　　There are several uses:

　　1. Everyone can do their own qukuai.com or blockchain.info query:)

　　2. Integration of RPC commands into your own store, query after payment

　　3. Integration into wallet applications

　　4. Other application scenarios

　　cmd analysis:

　　Query blockhash according to height

　　https://www.ssyg068.com/biquanzx/bitcoin-cligetblockhash19999

　　00000000ba36eb929dc90170a96ee3efb76cbebee0e0e5c4da9eb0b6e74d9124

　　2. Then according to blockhash to query block information

　　https://www.ssyg068.com/biquanzx/bitcoin-cligetblock00000000ba36eb929dc90170a96ee3efb76cbebee0e0e5c4da9eb0b6e74d9124

　　{

　　”hash”:”00000000ba36eb929dc90170a96ee3efb76cbebee0e0e5c4da9eb0b6e74d9124″,

　　”confirmations”:263032,

　　”size”:215,

　　”height”:19999,

　　”version”:1,

　　”merkleroot”:”c1b09fa6bdc0b12b15cc1400d598ffed29dd33b2e282093a48646d1b7b380c98″,

　　”tx”:[

　　”c1b09fa6bdc0b12b15cc1400d598ffed29dd33b2e282093a48646d1b7b380c98″

　　],

　　”time”:1248291140,

　　”nonce”:1085206531,

　　”bits”:”1d00ffff”,

　　”difficulty”:1.00000000,

　　”chainwork”: “00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004e204e204e20″

　　”previousblockhash”: “000000006eb5c2799b0f5fafab6435daeecef8e7f609b731c9879c3f74f28c73″,

　　”nextblockhash”: “00000000770ebe897270ca5f6d539d8afb4ea4f4e757761a34ca82e17207d886”

　　}

　　3. Query the information of a single transaction based on tx:

　　When no index is built, only the information of your own wallet can be queried, and if it is not a wallet transaction, it will return as follows:

　　https://www.ssyg068.com/biquanzx/bitcoin-cligetrawtransactionc1b09fa6bdc0b12b15cc1400d598ffed29dd33b2e282093a48646d1b7b380c98

　　error: {“code”: -5, “message”: “Invalid or non-wallet transaction id”}

　　What should we do? Directly analyze the code to find the cause:

　　// Return transaction in tx, and if it was found inside a block, its hash is placed in hashBlock

　　bool GetTransaction(const uint256 hash, CTransaction txOut, uint256 hashBlock, bool fAllowSlow)

　　{

　　CBlockIndex *pindexSlow = NULL;

　　{

　　LOCK(cs_main);

　　{

　　if(mempool.lookup(hash, txOut))

　　{

　　return true;

　　}

　　}

　　if(fTxIndex){

　　CDiskTxPos postx;

　　if(pblocktree->ReadTxIndex(hash, postx)){

　　CAutoFile file(OpenBlockFile(postx, true), SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);

　　CBlockHeader header;

　　try{

　　fileheader;

　　fseek(file, postx.nTxOffset, SEEK_CUR);

　　filetxOut;

　　}

　　return error(“%s:DeserializeorI/Oerror-%s”, __func__, e.what());

　　}

　　hashBlock = header.GetHash();

　　if (txOut.GetHash() != hash) {

　　return error(“%s:txidmismatch”, __func__);

　　return true;

　　}

　　}

　　if (fAllowSlow) { // use coindatabased to locate the block that contains the transaction and scan it

　　int nHeight = -1;

　　{

　　CCoinsViewCache view = *pcoinsTip;

　　CCoins coins;

　　if (view.GetCoins(hash, coins)) {

　　nHeight = coins.nHeight;

　　}

　　if (nHeight == 0) {

　　pindexSlow = chainActive[nHeight];

　　}

　　}

　　if (pindexSlow) {

　　CBlock block;

　　if (ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pindexSlow)) {

　　BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, block.vtx) {

　　if (tx.GetHash() == hash) {

　　txOut = tx;

　　hashBlock = pindexSlow->GetBlockHash();

　　return true;

　　}

　　}

　　}

　　}

　　return false;

　　The block height of the pi node is not displayed

　　The reason why the PI node block height is not displayed may be due to network connection issues. It is recommended to check the network connection again, restart the PI node, and update the PI node software to the latest version. If it still cannot be displayed, you can use the blockchain browser to view the block height. How to query blockchain currency on Ethereum

　　You can directly query by entering wallet addresses, transaction IDs, block hashes, or block heights, which is very convenient.

　　If you are querying account balance, historical transaction data, and other information, it is recommended to directly enter the wallet address for query; if you are querying the relevant information of a specific transfer, such as whether it has been received or how the progress is going, entering the transaction ID is the most convenient.

　　Of course, blockchain browsers can not only query their own accounts but also others’ accounts and related transaction information, including the account of Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto.